The paper examines the teachings of Qura'n and the Sunnah and the views of a number of classical Muslim scholars with respect to the unity of mankind and its implications for integration of the world ECONOMY through increased specialization and division of labor and removal of restrictions on the free flow of goods, services, labor and capital. It then discusses the extent to which these teachings and views fit within the framework of the new GLOBAL ECONOMY. It argues that the philosophy ingrained in Islamic teachings and the writings of Muslim scholars consider the promotion of justice to be indispensable for achieving the desired integration of the world ECONOMY. the paradigm of the New GLOBAL ECONOMY, unfortunately, lacks this commitment to justice. Hence the resistance to GLOBALization. The author argues that Muslim countries should, nevertheless, support GLOBALization, but should simultaneously struggle for the injection of justice in its paradigm. This will, however, not be sufficient by itself. They should also strive for introducing greater justice in their own economies and also adopt a number of measures that would help them meet successfully the challenges of GLOBALization.

As a major maritime power strategically situated along critical waterways, analyzing the intersections between Iran's blue ECONOMY goals, evolving maritime policies and sophisticated GLOBAL diplomatic engagements is pivotal. This study utilizes qualitative techniques and international relations theories to conduct an in-depth investigation into Iran's strategic calculus across these realms. The purpose is to unravel the complex balancing of pragmatic interests, constraints, and selective cooperation opportunities shaping Iran's maritime maneuvering. Extensive document analysis and illustrative case studies are systematically employed to comprehensively analyze Iran's sector-specific strategies, stances on maritime laws and regimes, key international collaborations. The findings reveal that while developmental aspirations in priority blue ECONOMY sectors dominate Iran's interests, it faces multifaceted constraints from sanctions, disputes and domestic limitations which require nuanced navigation. Opportunities to expand regional influence through strategic alignments exist but necessitate enhanced dispute resolution, diplomatic creativity and sustainable regional collaboration to fully materialize mutual gains. Overall, the study provides seminal insights into Iran's maritime positioning, highlighting the overarching importance of adaptability, vision, and cooperation despite geopolitical tensions in advancing shared governance of vital waterways and collective maritime interests.

There are two main sectors in the GLOBAL ECONOMY: manufacturing sector and service sector. The latter has been ignored as a main sector by researchers for many years which is rooted in the Adam smith’ s publications calling service sector “ unproductive” . He believed that this sector does not produce “ tangible products” thus, it is unproductive while manufacturing sector leads to “ tangible products” and it’ s productive. Form 80s, service sector raised researcher’ s attention and names such as: “ post-industrial society” , “ growth of tertiary sector” , and “ service ECONOMY” became a trend in economic literature. Based on the researchers› efforts, the service sector is now considered as one of the most important parts of the GLOBAL ECONOMY along with the manufacturing sector, with its own identity, characters, logic, science, and literature. This study aims to define this important sector in the GLOBAL ECONOMY and explain and erase the misunderstandings about the service and service sector.

The authors wholeheartedly agree with Labonté: GLOBAL health equity needs radical changes in economic thinking and policies, including degrowth and reducing consumption in parts of the world. But to mobilize sufficient people for radical change, reducing overconsumption and for degrowth, we may need to stop calling it that. Language is important and using the same frames and words as our opponents do can be counterproductive. GLOBAL health advocates need to be strategic about framing, use hope-based communication and develop attractive and convincing narratives. By doing so, hopefully we can bring these messages across to larger groups of people and increase the push for social change.

Introduction Since the early 1970s, religious fundamentalism has become very widespread. From this time, different researchers have applied a single approach, namely the "cultural" approach to religious fundamentalism. But this approach with a one-dimensional view, in addition to hiding many angles of religious fundamentalism, has resulted in an intangible and domineering downward view. But on the other hand, the economic approach, as the approach of this article, away from issues such as identity, ideology, has focused on a more objective level, which is the economic level, and has replaced a GLOBAL view with a limited and regional view. Therefore, in this research, the flow of religious fundamentalism is investigated and studied with an economic approach, focused on the performance and role of the GLOBAL ECONOMY in relation to countries. Of course, two broad views have been proposed regarding the performance of the GLOBAL ECONOMY. The first point of view is called the convergence point of view, which believes that the GLOBAL ECONOMY will definitely bring relative prosperity and development to the world, and the supporters of this point of view have a completely positive view of the performance of the GLOBAL ECONOMY. The second point of view is known as the divergence point of view. The supporters of this point of view emphasize the inequality that the GLOBAL ECONOMY creates deep economic gaps between the two parts of the world, the poor and the rich, and consequently provides the basis for religious fundamentalism. Of course, in addition to these two views, the GLOBAL ECONOMY can be examined from another perspective. That is, the performance and role of the GLOBAL ECONOMY are not absolutely positive or negative; rather, the performance of the world ECONOMY in different countries has different effects and results, and the indicators of the world ECONOMY, according to the type of economic and development structure of the countries, have different effects. In fact, the effects of the GLOBAL ECONOMY in economically underdeveloped countries can provide the necessary platform for the formation of religious fundamentalism. With these premises, this research seeks to show that due to the mutual dependence of economies on each other and the necessity of the convergence of the national ECONOMY in the GLOBAL economic system, governments, especially weak governments in terms of economic development, have entered international markets to advance their development strategies and engaged in participation and competition, and they are forced to join other national governments and establish a new order of transnational government in order to restore power in the world; But the inappropriate entry of these governments into the GLOBAL ECONOMY has led to their inability to control some of the negative results and effects in their national ECONOMY; Because in the new conditions, power is no longer concentrated in the institution of the nation state, but has been spread and transformed in the GLOBAL networks of wealth and information. This new power is placed in the codes of information and in representational images, but it has moved in the direction of conflict with the dominant logic of the networked world and has been involved in defensive and offensive conflicts of resistance at individual, national and transnational levels, leading to the formation of religious fundamentalism. In other words, the process of the GLOBAL ECONOMY has gained extraordinary momentum and a current with such a huge scope has had many effects in various societies, especially underdeveloped societies, and has provided many reactions, such as the growth of religious fundamentalist currents. For this purpose, this research seeks to investigate religious fundamentalism in Egypt by focusing on the economic approach because, so far, previous research and sources have used the cultural approach to investigate religious fundamentalism in Egypt and by focusing on issues such as identity, nationality, etc. have investigated this issue. But with a GLOBAL view, this thesis deals with the more objective level of life, which is the economic level. What effect has the GLOBAL ECONOMY had on the establishment of religious fundamentalism in Egypt between the years (1974-1985)? Methodology This research has used the descriptive-analytical method and library sources to investigate this issue. Results The findings showed that the performance of the world ECONOMY in relation to Egypt's economic development had a destructive aspect and became a platform for the formation of religious fundamentalism. In fact, Egypt, which did not have a legitimate and developmental national government until the 1970s, was involved in internal conflicts, economic instability, and class divisions. In such a situation, the national government of Egypt enters the world ECONOMY under the title of opening policy to improve its status, but it becomes weaker than in the past because the indicators of the GLOBAL ECONOMY, on the one hand, lead to the decline of the legitimacy and authority of the government and, on the other hand, lead to the disillusionment and dissatisfaction of the people with the economic situation of their country, which consequently provides a suitable platform for the presence and expansion of religious fundamentalism.

Coronavirus crisis primarily seemed as just a threat to public health, but it has gradually turned into a threat to GLOBAL ECONOMY. While exact specification of economic damage caused by this epidemic is not possible, there is a consensus among economists that the epidemic will have a severe negative impact on the GLOBAL ECONOMY. OECD has warned that some of the world’ s major economies will face recession in the coming months, and the economic damage of COVID-19 will take years to repair. According to some economists, this will be more severe than 2008 GLOBAL crisis, and even if there won’ t be a GLOBAL recession, some of the leading economies will either have zero or negative growth. Thus not only growth rates are going to be low, but also it will be a time-consuming process to improve economic growth in the future. This article aimed to overview of the impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on the GLOBAL ECONOMY, especially the world’ s major economies and countries most affected by the crisis, and to review some general probable scenarios for development and also the way this epidemic will affect GLOBAL society and ECONOMY. The next step was examining the effects of the epidemic on important sectors of the GLOBAL ECONOMY, such as financial markets, labor market, energy market and the tourism industry based on published statistics and data from world-renowned sources on the current state of the epidemic. In the final step, in order to identify the different economic solutions for managing the effects of this crisis, we briefly reviewed the economic policies of different countries facing the COVID-19 epidemic.

Oil is one of the major drivers of the economic activities across the world. Oil prices affect the economies of both oil-importing and oil-exporting countries directly and indirectly through trade. In this paper, direct and indirect (spillovers) effects of oil price shocks on developed and developing oil exporting and importing countries are estimated using the Vector Auto-regression method. We measure the direct and indirect effects of international trade within the framework of a dynamic model and the data on thirty countries with more than 73 percent of the world’ s ECONOMY for the period 1980-2015. The results show that rising oil prices affect oil-importing countries directly and indirect effects are negative for developed countries. The effect of rising oil prices in developed oil exporting countries is negative, which could be due to high share of their manufacturing industries. The impact of oil price shocks on the economies of developing oil exporting countries is also positive, but its indirect effect is negative due to the high trading of these countries with the oil-importing developed countries.